Micro coaxial cable bundles achieve low loss and high transmission

In the era of rapid development of information, the internal interconnection design of equipment is increasingly tending towards miniaturization and high density. Among them, the "extremely fine coaxial cable" (micro coaxial cable) is widely used in smart devices, mobile terminals, communication modules, and precision medical instruments due to its thinness, flexibility, and high-frequency transmission capability. However, as the wire diameter decreases, the problem of signal transmission loss becomes more and more prominent. This article will analyze the causes of loss in extremely fine coaxial cables from multiple perspectives and discuss the feasible path of engineering optimization.

An Analysis of the Main Loss Types in Ultra-Fine Coaxial Beam
Insertion loss is the most direct manifestation of energy attenuation. When the signal is transmitted from the transmitter to the receiver through the cable, part of the energy is lost as heat due to the conductor resistance and medium loss. Because the conductor cross-sectional area of extremely thin coaxial cables is small and the transmission frequency is high, the signal skin effect is more significant, causing the energy to concentrate on the surface of the conductor, thereby increasing the loss.
Reflection loss is mainly caused by impedance mismatch. When the impedance of the cable, connector, or PCB interface is not consistent, part of the signal is reflected back to the source end, causing energy waste and signal interference. Especially in extremely fine wire structures, higher processing accuracy is required, and any deviation may amplify the reflection effect.
In addition, the standing wave ratio (VSWR) related loss should not be ignored. Impedance mismatch can cause standing waves, causing the signal to form reflected superposition in the transmission path, thereby reducing transmission efficiency. By strictly controlling design accuracy and ensuring the impedance consistency of each component, such losses can be significantly reduced.

Section 2: Influence of Structure and Material Optimization on Performance
The transmission performance of ultra-fine coaxial cables depends on their geometric dimensions and material properties. The finer the conductor, the greater the resistance, and the corresponding loss increases. To balance size and performance, engineers usually adopt low dielectric loss materials, such as high-performance PTFE or fluoropolymers, to reduce the energy attenuation caused by medium absorption. For example, in medical imaging equipment, the ultra-fine coaxial cables with low-loss mediums can reduce signal attenuation by about 10% compared to traditional cables. In addition, the longer the cable, the more significant the loss, so it is necessary to shorten the transmission path and reduce unnecessary bends in system wiring.

III. Improvement brought by transmission path optimization
Under high-speed transmission scenarios, such as the close interconnection between chips and I/O modules, the traditional PCB trace (trace) loss is significant. Using extremely thin coaxial cables as jumpers (jumper harness) and pairing them with low-profile high-density connectors can effectively shorten the transmission path of high-frequency signals, reducing insertion and reflection loss. This solution performs particularly well in the high-frequency range of 13–17GHz, significantly improving signal integrity (SI), and is therefore increasingly adopted by high-end equipment.

Four, the influence of manufacturing process and installation method
The extremely fine coaxial cable is highly sensitive to process precision. If the stress distribution is uneven during the bending or winding process of the cable bundle, it can cause damage to the shielding layer structure or deformation of the medium, thereby increasing signal loss. During the production process, improper control of processes such as stripping, welding, or crimping may also lead to impedance突变 or poor contact, causing reflections and energy loss. Therefore, precise manufacturing equipment and automated assembly processes are crucial for ensuring signal quality.
The signal loss of extremely fine coaxial bundles is mainly affected by multiple factors such as conductor structure, dielectric material, impedance matching, processing accuracy, and installation methods. Through material optimization, precise design, accurate technology, and reasonable layout, signal attenuation can be effectively reduced, enhancing the stability and reliability of the system transmission.
I amSuzhou Huichengyuan ElectronicLong-term focus on the design and customization of high-speed signal cables and ultra-fine coaxial cables, committed to providing customers with high-performance and reliable high-speed interconnection solutions. If you have any related needs or want to learn more in depth, please contact:Manager Zhang 18913228573 (WeChat number the same)。